A ranar Asabar 15 ga Afrilu 1989, wasu magoya bayan Liverpool 96 da ke halartar wasan kusa da na karshe na cin kofin FA tsakanin Liverpool da Nottingham Forest sun mutu a lokacin da aka samu murkushe su a filin wasa na Hillsborough da ke Sheffield.Mafi yawan ɓacin ran dangin waɗanda abin ya shafa, tsarin shari'a don tabbatar da gaskiya da kuma nuna laifi ga bala'in Hillsborough ya jure fiye da shekaru 30.
Tare da mutuwar 96 da raunuka 766, Hillsborough ya kasance mafi munin bala'in wasanni a tarihin Burtaniya.
Daga baya a wannan shekara, wani sabon wasan kwaikwayo na ITV Anne zai binciki ƙoƙarin Anne Williams mai fafutukar tabbatar da gaskiya game da abin da ya faru, bayan da ta ki amincewa da bayanan mutuwar ɗanta Kevin mai shekaru 15 a Hillsborough.
Anan, masanin tarihin wasanni Simon Inglis yayi bayanin yadda bala'in Hillsborough ya faru da kuma dalilin da yasa yakin shari'a na tabbatar da cewa an kashe magoya bayan Liverpool ba bisa ka'ida ba ya dauki fiye da shekaru 27…
A cikin karni na 20, gasar cin kofin FA - wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1871 kuma za a iya cewa babbar gasar kwallon kafa ta gida - ta jawo hankalin jama'a.Bayanan halarta sun kasance gama gari.Da ba a ƙirƙiri filin wasa na Wembley ba, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin 1922–23, idan ba don ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce ta gasar cin kofin ba.
A al'adance, ana buga wasan kusa da na karshe a filin wasa, daya daga cikin shahararrun shine Hillsborough, gidan Sheffield Laraba.Duk da kiran da aka yi na kusa lokacin da magoya bayan 38 suka ji rauni a wasan kusa da na karshe a 1981, Hillsborough, mai karfin 54,000, an dauki shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun filayen Biritaniya.
Don haka, a cikin 1988 ta karbi bakuncin wani wasan kusa da na karshe, Liverpool da Nottingham Forest, ba tare da wata matsala ba.Don haka ya zama kamar zaɓi na zahiri lokacin da, kwatsam, an zana ƙungiyoyin biyu don haduwa a wasa ɗaya bayan shekara guda, a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 1989.
Duk da samun babban fanbase, Liverpool, abin da ya ba su haushi sun kasance, kamar a cikin 1988, sun ware ƙaramin Leppings Lane End na Hillsborough, wanda ya ƙunshi matakin zama wanda aka samu daga shingen juzu'i guda ɗaya, da filin wasa na masu kallo 10,100 na tsaye, waɗanda bakwai kawai suka isa. turnstiles.
Ko da a ka'idar ranar wannan bai isa ba kuma ya haifar da magoya bayan Liverpool sama da 5,000 suna danna waje yayin da aka kusanto da karfe 3 na yamma.Da a ce an jinkirta fara wasan, tabbas an samu nasarar shawo kan wasan.Maimakon haka, Kwamandan Match na ’Yan sandan Kudancin Yorkshire, David Duckenfield, ya ba da umarnin bude daya daga cikin kofofin fita, wanda ya baiwa magoya bayan 2,000 damar shiga cikin gaggawa.
Wadanda suka juya dama ko hagu zuwa alkalan kusurwa sun sami dakin.Duk da haka, yawancinsu sun nufi ba da gangan ba, ba tare da wani gargadi daga masu kulawa ko 'yan sanda ba, zuwa ga alkalami na tsakiya, wanda aka samu ta hanyar rami mai tsawon mita 23.
Yayin da ramin ya cika, waɗanda ke gaban terrace sun sami kansu an matse su da shingen shingen ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda aka gina a cikin 1977 a matsayin ma'aunin hana-hooligan.Abin mamaki, tare da magoya bayansa suna shan wahala a cikin cikakken kallon 'yan sanda (wanda ke da dakin sarrafawa da ke kallon filin filin), wasan ya tashi kuma ya ci gaba da kusan mintuna shida har sai da aka kira dakatar.
Kamar yadda wani abin tunawa da aka rubuta a filin wasan Liverpool na Anfield, ƙaramin ɗan ƙarami na Hillsborough shi ne Jon-Paul Gilhooley ɗan shekara 10, ɗan uwan tauraron Liverpool da Ingila na gaba, Steven Gerrard.Mafi tsufa shine Gerard Baron mai shekaru 67, ma'aikacin gidan waya mai ritaya.Babban ɗan'uwansa Kevin ya buga wa Liverpool wasa a gasar cin kofin 1950.
Bakwai daga cikin wadanda suka mutu mata ne, wadanda suka hada da ’yan uwa mata matasa, Sarah da Vicki Hicks, wadanda mahaifinsu ma yana kan titin kuma mahaifiyarsu ta shaida abin da ya faru a kusa da Arewa Stand.
A cikin rahotonsa na ƙarshe, a cikin Janairu 1990, Lord Justice Taylor ya gabatar da shawarwari da yawa, waɗanda aka fi sani da su shine duk manyan filaye da za a canza su zuwa wurin zama kawai.Amma kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci, ya kuma dora wa hukumomin kwallon kafa da kulab din wani nauyi mai girma na kula da taron jama'a, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma ya bukaci 'yan sanda da su kasance masu horarwa da kuma daidaita tsarin kula da jama'a tare da samar da kyakkyawar alaka.Kamar yadda da yawa daga cikin sababbin masu son wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na lokacin suka yi jayayya, marasa laifi, masu bin doka da oda sun gaji da ɗaukar su kamar ƴan iska.
Farfesa Phil Scraton, wanda aka buga labarinsa mai ban tsoro, Hillsborough - Gaskiya shekaru 10 bayan wannan rana mai kaddara, ya yi tsokaci da yawa lokacin da ya tambayi jami'an da ke kula da shingen."Kukan da roƙe-roƙen matsananciyar… an ji su daga kewayen waƙar."Wasu masu sharhi sun lura da yadda jami’an yankin suka zalunta sakamakon yajin aikin masu hakar ma’adinai, shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
Amma mafi tsananin haske ya fada kan Kwamandan Match na 'yan sanda, David Duckenfield.An ba shi aikin kwanaki 19 kacal kafin nan, kuma wannan shine babban wasansa na farko da yake iko da shi.
Dangane da bayanan farko da 'yan sanda suka yi, The Sun ta dora alhakin bala'in Hillsborough kai tsaye kan magoya bayan Liverpool, suna zargin su da buguwa, kuma a wasu lokuta da gangan suka hana daukar matakin gaggawa.An yi zargin cewa magoya bayan sun yi wa dan sanda fitsari fitsari, kuma an sace kudin daga hannun wadanda abin ya shafa.Dare Rana ta sami matsayin pariah akan Merseyside.
Firayim Minista Margaret Thatcher ba ta kasance mai sha'awar kwallon kafa ba.Akasin haka, don mayar da martani ga karuwar shashanci a wasanni a cikin shekarun 1980s gwamnatinta tana kan aiwatar da dokar masu kallon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai cike da cece-kuce, tana buƙatar duk magoya bayanta su shiga tsarin katin shaida na dole.Misis Thatcher ta ziyarci Hillsborough washegarin afkuwar lamarin tare da sakataren yada labaranta Bernard Ingham da sakataren cikin gida Douglas Hurd, amma ta yi magana da 'yan sanda da jami'an yankin kawai.Ta ci gaba da mara baya ga irin abubuwan da 'yan sanda suka yi ko da bayan rahoton Taylor ya fallasa karyarsu.
Duk da haka, yayin da kurakuran da ke tattare da Dokar Masu Kallon Kwallon Kafa a yanzu suka bayyana, an canza sharuɗɗanta don ba da fifiko kan amincin filin wasa maimakon a kan halayen 'yan kallo.Sai dai ba a taba mantawa da kyamar da Misis Thatcher ta yi wa kwallon kafa ba, kuma saboda fargabar zawarcin jama'a, kungiyoyi da dama sun ki ba da damar yin shiru na minti daya don tunawa da rasuwarta a shekarar 2013. Sir Bernard Ingham, ya ci gaba da zargin magoya bayan Liverpool har zuwa shekarar 2016.
Mafi yawan ɓacin ran dangin waɗanda abin ya shafa, tsarin shari'a don tabbatar da gaskiya da kuma ba da laifi ya daure sama da shekaru 30.
A cikin 1991 wani alkali a kotun mai binciken ya samu da rinjayen hukunci na 9–2 na goyon bayan mutuwar bazata.Duk wani yunkurin sake duba hukuncin ya ci tura.A cikin 1998 Ƙungiyoyin Tallafawa Iyali na Hillsborough sun ƙaddamar da ƙarar Duckenfield na sirri da mataimakinsa, amma wannan ma bai yi nasara ba.A ƙarshe, a cikin shekaru 20 na cika shekara gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a kafa kwamitin mai zaman kansa na Hillsborough.Wannan ya ɗauki shekaru uku kafin a kammala cewa Duckenfield da jami'ansa sun yi ƙarya da gaske don su karkata zargi ga magoya baya.
Daga nan ne aka ba da umarnin sake gudanar da bincike, inda aka dauki karin shekaru biyu kafin alkalan kotun ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke a shekarar 2016 da cewa a hakika an kashe wadanda aka kashe ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Daga ƙarshe Duckenfield ya fuskanci shari'a a Kotun Preston Crown a cikin Janairu 2019, kawai don alkalan sun kasa yanke hukunci.A sake sauraron karar sa daga baya a waccan shekarar, duk da cewa ya amince ya yi karya, kuma da kyar aka yi la’akari da binciken da rahoton Taylor ya yi, game da rashin amincewar iyalan Hillsborough Duckenfield a kan tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi na kisa na sakaci.
Ƙin yarda da rikodin hukuma na mutuwar ɗanta Kevin mai shekaru 15 a Hillsborough, Anne Willams, ma'aikaciyar kantin sayar da ɗan lokaci daga Formby, ta yi yaƙi da nata kamfen.Sau biyar ana watsi da rokonta na sake duba shari'a har sai a shekarar 2012 Kwamitin Masu Zaman Kanta na Hillsborough ya binciki shaidar da ta tattara - duk da rashin horon ta na shari'a - tare da soke hukuncin farko na mutuwar bazata.
Tare da shaida daga wata 'yar sanda da ta halarci danta da ya ji rauni, Williams ta iya tabbatar da cewa Kevin ya kasance a raye har zuwa karfe 4 na yamma a ranar - dogon bayan 3.15pm yanke batu wanda mai binciken farko ya kafa - don haka 'yan sanda da motar asibiti. sabis ya gaza a aikinsu na kulawa."Wannan shi ne abin da na yi yaƙi dominsa," ta gaya wa David Conn na The Guardian, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jarida kaɗan da suka ba da labarin gabaɗayan saga na doka."Ba zan taɓa yin kasala ba."Abin baƙin ciki, ta mutu daga ciwon daji bayan kwanaki kaɗan.
A bangaren shari'a, da alama ba haka bane.Hankalin masu yakin neman zabe yanzu ya koma kan inganta dokar 'Hillsborough Law'.Idan har aka amince da shi, Dokar Hukumar (Accountability) za ta dora wa ma’aikatan gwamnati alhakin gudanar da ayyukansu a kodayaushe domin biyan bukatun jama’a, tare da bayyana gaskiya da gaskiya da gaskiya, sannan kuma iyalan wadanda suka rasu su samu kudaden wakilcin shari’a a maimakon samun kudi ta hanyar doka. kudaden kansu.Sai dai an jinkirta yin karatu na biyu na kudirin - kudurin bai ci gaba ta hannun majalisar ba tun shekarar 2017.
Masu fafutuka na Hillsborough sun yi gargadin cewa a halin yanzu ana maimaita irin wadannan batutuwan da suka kawo cikas ga kokarinsu a lamarin Grenfell Tower.
Saurari masanin injiniya Peter Deakins yana tattaunawa game da shigarsa a cikin ƙirƙirar shingen hasumiya na Grenfell kuma yayi la'akari da matsayinsa a tarihin gidaje na zamantakewa a Biritaniya:
Da girma.Rahoton Taylor ya ba da shawarar cewa manyan filaye su kasance gaba ɗaya bayan 1994, kuma ya kamata sabuwar hukumar ba da lasisin ƙwallon ƙafa ta kula da rawar da hukumomin gida ke takawa (tun lokacin da aka sake masa suna Hukumar Kula da Kare Wasanni).Sabbin matakan da suka shafi buƙatun likita, sadarwar rediyo, kulawa da kula da aminci sun zama ma'auni.Ba ko kadan ba shine abin da ake buƙata cewa aminci yanzu shine alhakin masu gudanar da filin wasa, ba 'yan sanda ba.Yanzu dai an buga dukkan wasannin daf da na karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a Wembley.
Kafin 1989 an sami bala'i a Ibrox Park, Glasgow a 1902 (matattu 26), Bolton a 1946 (mace 33), Ibrox kuma a 1971 (mace 66) da Bradford a 1985 (56 sun mutu).A tsakanin akwai wasu da dama da suka rasa rayukansu da kuma kusa da batattu.
Tun da Hillsborough ba a sami wani babban hatsari a filayen wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Biritaniya ba.Amma kamar yadda Taylor da kansa ya yi gargaɗi, babban abokin gaba na aminci shine rashin gamsuwa.
Simon Inglis shine marubucin littafai da yawa kan tarihin wasanni da filayen wasa.Ya ba da rahoto game da abin da ya biyo bayan Hillsborough don The Guardian and Observer, kuma a cikin 1990 an nada shi memba na Hukumar Ba da Lasisi ta Kwallon kafa.Ya gyara bugu biyu na Jagoran Tsaro a Filin Wasanni, kuma tun 2004 ya zama editan jerin Played a Biritaniya don Heritage na Ingilishi (www.playedinbritain.co.uk).
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-30-2020