Ma ka Pōʻaono 15 ʻApelila 1989, ua pepehi ʻia kekahi poʻe 96 Liverpool e hele ana i ka semi-finals FA Cup ma waena o Liverpool a me Nottingham Forest i ka wā i ulu ai kahi kuʻi ma ke kahua pāʻani ʻo Hillsborough ma Sheffield.ʻO ka ʻeha nui o nā ʻohana o ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻo ke kaʻina kānāwai e hoʻokumu i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo a hāʻawi i ka hewa no ka pōʻino ʻo Hillsborough ua hoʻomanawanui ʻia no nā makahiki he 30 a ʻoi aku.
Me 96 mau make a me 766 mau ʻeha, ʻo Hillsborough ka mea ʻoi loa ka pōʻino haʻuki ma ka mōʻaukala Pelekane.
Ma hope o kēia makahiki, e ʻimi ana kahi pāʻani ITV hou ʻo Anne i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mea hoʻolaha kaulike ʻo Anne Williams e ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka mea i hana ʻia, ma hope o kona hōʻole ʻana e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka moʻolelo kūhelu o ka make ʻana o kāna keiki 15 makahiki ʻo Kevin ma Hillsborough.
Ma ʻaneʻi, wehewehe ka mea kākau moʻolelo haʻuki ʻo Simon Inglis i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino o Hillsborough a me ke kumu o ke kaua kū kānāwai e hōʻoia i ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o nā mea pā Liverpool ma mua o 27 mau makahiki ...
I loko o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo ka FA Cup - i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1871 a ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻokūkū pôpeku kūloko kaulana loa o ka honua - ua huki ʻia ka lehulehu.He mea maʻamau nā moʻolelo hele.ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua pāʻani ʻo Wembley, e like me ia i ka makahiki 1922–23, inā ʻaʻole no ka hoʻopiʻi kupaianaha o ka Cup.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua pāʻani ʻia nā kīʻaha semi-finals ma ke kahua kūʻokoʻa, ʻo kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa ʻo Hillsborough, ka home o Sheffield Wednesday.ʻOiai ke kāhea kokoke i ka wā i hōʻeha ʻia ai nā mea pā 38 i ka semi-final ma 1981, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hillsborough, me kona mana o 54,000, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kahua maikaʻi loa o Pelekane.
No laila, i ka makahiki 1988 ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i kekahi semi, Liverpool v Nottingham Forest, me ka ʻole o ka hanana.No laila, ʻo ia ka mea i koho ʻia i ka wā i huki ʻia ai nā hui ʻelua e hui i ka hoʻokūkū like i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ma ka lā 15 ʻApelila 1989.
ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka fanbase nui, ʻo Liverpool, i ko lākou huhū, e like me ka makahiki 1988, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Leppings Lane End o Hillsborough liʻiliʻi, nona kahi pae noho i komo ʻia mai hoʻokahi poloka o nā turnstiles, a me kahi papahele no 10,100 mau mea nānā e kū nei, i komo ʻia e ʻehiku wale nō. turnstiles.
ʻOiai ma nā kūlana o ka lā, ʻaʻole lawa kēia a ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma mua o 5,000 mau mea kākoʻo Liverpool e kaomi ana i waho i ka wā e kokoke mai ana ka kick-off 3pm.Inā ua lohi ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻani, ua hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻia ka pā.Akā, ua kauoha ʻo David Duckenfield, ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka South Yorkshire Police's Match Commander, i kekahi o nā puka puka e wehe ʻia, e ʻae ana i 2,000 mau mea pā e holo wikiwiki.
Loaʻa ka lumi i ka poʻe i huli ʻākau a hema paha i nā peni kihi.Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui i hele me ka ʻike ʻole, me ka ʻole o nā ʻōlelo aʻo mai nā puʻukū a me nā mākaʻi, i ka peni kikowaena paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i loaʻa ma o kahi tunnel 23m ka lōʻihi.
I ka piha ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe ma mua o ka pā hale i ka paʻa ʻana i nā pā puni kila, i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1977 ma ke ʻano he anti-hooligan.ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, me ka poʻe pā e ʻeha nui ana i ka ʻike piha ʻana o nā mākaʻi (nāna kahi lumi hoʻomalu e nānā ana i ka terrace), ua hoʻomaka ka pāʻani a hoʻomau ʻia no kahi kokoke i ʻeono mau minuke a hiki i ka hoʻomaha ʻana.
E like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi hoʻomanaʻo ma Liverpool's Anfield ground, ʻo ka muli loa o Hillsborough i pepehi ʻia ʻo Jon-Paul Gilhooley, he 10 mau makahiki, he hoahānau o ka hōkū Liverpool a me ʻEnelani e hiki mai ana, ʻo Steven Gerrard.ʻO Gerard Baron ka mea mua loa, he 67 makahiki, he limahana leka uila i hoʻomaha.Ua pāʻani kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Kevin no Liverpool i ka 1950 Cup Final.
ʻEhiku o ka poʻe i make he mau wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kaikuahine ʻōpio, ʻo Sarah lāua ʻo Vicki Hicks, nona ka makuakāne ma ka pā hale a ʻike ka makuahine i ka pōʻino e puka mai ana mai ka North Stand e pili ana.
I kāna hōʻike hope loa, ma Ianuali 1990, ua hoʻopuka ʻo Lord Justice Taylor i kekahi mau manaʻo, ʻo ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia no ka hoʻohuli ʻia ʻana o nā kahua kahiko i noho wale nō.Akā e like me ka mea nui, ua kau aku ʻo ia i nā luna pôpeku a me nā hui i ke kuleana ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokele lehulehu, ʻoiai i ka manawa like e koi ana i nā mākaʻi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia a e kaulike i ka mana o ka lehulehu me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pilina maikaʻi.E like me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā mea hoʻokani pīpeku hou o ia manawa, ʻaʻohe hewa, nā poʻe mālama kānāwai i hānai ʻia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana e like me nā hooligans.
ʻO Polofesa Phil Scraton, nona ka moʻolelo hōʻino, Hillsborough - Ua paʻi ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo 10 mau makahiki ma hope o ka lā pōʻino, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i nā mea he nui i kona nīnau ʻana i kēlā mau luna e mālama ana i nā pā."Ua lohe ʻia nā ʻuā a me nā ʻōlelo noiʻi ... mai ke ala āpau."Ua ʻike nā mea hoʻopuka ʻē aʻe i ka hana ʻino ʻana o nā luna kūloko ma muli o ka Miners' Strike, ʻelima mau makahiki ma mua.
Akā, ua hāʻule ka mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi i luna o ka mākaʻi Match Commander, ʻo David Duckenfield.Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia i ka hana he 19 mau lā ma mua, a ʻo kāna pāʻani nui mua kēia i ka mana.
Ma muli o nā puʻupuʻu mua a nā mākaʻi, ua kau ka Lā i ka hewa no ka pōʻino o Hillsborough ma luna o nā poʻe Liverpool, e hoʻopiʻi ana iā lākou no ka ʻona, a i kekahi mau hihia no ka pale ʻana i ka pane ulia pōpilikia.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua mimi ka poʻe pā i kahi mākaʻi, a ua ʻaihue ʻia ke kālā mai ka poʻe pōʻino.I ka pō Ua loaʻa i ka Lā ke kūlana pariah ma Merseyside.
ʻAʻole mahalo ke Kuhina Nui ʻo Margaret Thatcher i ka pôpeku.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hooliganism i nā pāʻani i ka makahiki 1980, aia kāna aupuni i ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa Football Spectators' Act, e koi ana i nā mea pā a pau e komo i kahi papahana kāleka ʻike pono.Ua kipa aku ʻo Mrs Thatcher iā Hillsborough i ka lā ma hope o ka pōʻino me kāna kākau ʻōlelo nūpepa ʻo Bernard Ingham a me ke Kakauolelo Home Douglas Hurd, akā ua kamaʻilio wale i nā mākaʻi a me nā luna kūloko.Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka mana o nā mākaʻi ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka Taylor Report i kā lākou wahaheʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā hemahema i loko o ke Kānāwai Poʻokela Poʻokela, ua hoʻololi ʻia kāna mau ʻōlelo e kau i ka manaʻo i ka palekana o ke kahua pāʻani ma mua o ke ʻano o nā mea nānā.Akā ʻaʻole i poina ʻia ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana o Mrs Thatcher no ka pôpeku a, no ka hopohopo i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu, ua hōʻole ka nui o nā hui e ʻae i ka noho ʻana o hoʻokahi minute e hōʻailona ai i kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 2013. ʻO Sir Bernard Ingham, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomau ʻo Sir Bernard Ingham i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mea pā Liverpool a hiki i ka makahiki 2016.
ʻO ka ʻeha nui o nā ʻohana o ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻo ke kaʻina kānāwai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo a haʻi i ka hewa ua hoʻomau ʻia ma mua o 30 mau makahiki.
I ka makahiki 1991, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kiure ma ka ʻaha koronero ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo he 9-2 no ka make pōʻino.Ua pale ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a pau e nānā hou i kēlā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo.I ka makahiki 1998, ua hoʻokumu ka Hui Kākoʻo ʻohana Hillsborough i kahi hoʻopiʻi pilikino iā Duckenfield a me kona hope, akā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kēia.ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 20th anniversary, ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi Panel Kūʻokoʻa Hillsborough.ʻEkolu mau makahiki i hoʻoholo ai ua hoʻopunipuni ʻo Duckenfield a me kāna mau luna i mea e pale aku ai i ka hewa i ka poʻe pā.
A laila kauoha ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo hou, ʻelua makahiki hou aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ke kiure i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo a nā coroners mua a hoʻoholo ʻia i ka makahiki 2016 ua pepehi maoli ʻia nā mea i pepehi ʻia.
Ua alo ʻo Duckenfield i ka hoʻokolokolo ma Preston Crown Court i Ianuali 2019, no ka hiki ʻole o ka jure i ka hoʻoholo.I kona hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana ma hope o kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ua ʻae ʻo ia i ka wahaheʻe, a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka Taylor Report i ʻike ai, i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o nā ʻohana Hillsborough ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Duckenfield ma luna o nā hoʻopiʻi no ka mālama pono ʻole i ka pepehi kanaka.
ʻO ka hōʻole ʻana e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka moʻolelo kūhelu o kāna keiki 15 makahiki ʻo Kevin ma Hillsborough, ua hakakā ʻo Anne Willams, kahi limahana hana manawaleʻa mai Formby, i kāna hoʻolaha hoʻomau.ʻElima manawa i hoʻohuli ʻia kāna mau noi no ka loiloi hoʻokolokolo a hiki i ka makahiki 2012 ua nānā ʻo Hillsborough Independent Panel i nā hōʻike āna i hōʻiliʻili ai - ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kānāwai - a ua hoʻohuli i ka ʻōlelo hoʻoholo kumu no ka make pōʻino.
Me nā hōʻike mai kahi mākaʻi wahine i hele i kāna keiki i hōʻeha nui ʻia, ua hiki iā Williams ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ua ola ʻo Kevin a hiki i ka hola 4 o ka lā - lōʻihi ma hope o ka 3.15pm ʻoki ʻia kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka coroner mua - a no laila nā mākaʻi a me nā kaʻa kaʻa. ua hāʻule ka lawelawe i kā lākou hana mālama."ʻO kēia kaʻu i hakakā ai," i haʻi aku ai ʻo ia iā David Conn o The Guardian, kekahi o nā mea nūpepa liʻiliʻi e uhi i ka saga kānāwai holoʻokoʻa."ʻAʻole loa wau e haʻalele."ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua make ʻo ia i ka maʻi kanesa i nā lā ma hope mai.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao kānāwai, me he mea lā ʻaʻole.Ua huli ka manaʻo o ka poʻe Campaigners i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi 'Hillsborough Law'.Inā ʻae ʻia, e kau ka Bila Mana Aupuni (Accountability) i ke kuleana ma luna o nā limahana aupuni e hana i nā manawa a pau no ka pono o ka lehulehu, me ka ʻike maopopo, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka pololei, a no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā no nā ʻohana uʻi no ka hōʻike kānāwai ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kānāwai. uku ia lakou iho.Akā ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka heluhelu ʻelua o ka bila - ʻaʻole i holomua ka bila ma ka hale pāremata mai 2017.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe hoʻolaha ʻo Hillsborough e hana hou ʻia nā pilikia like i keakea i kā lākou mau hana i ka hihia o Grenfell Tower.
E hoʻolohe i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Peter Deakins e kūkākūkā ana i kona komo ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka hale kiaʻi ʻo Grenfell a noʻonoʻo i kona wahi i ka mōʻaukala o nā hale noho ma Beretania:
Nui loa.Manaʻo ka Taylor Report e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kahua nui ma hope o ka makahiki 1994, a e kiaʻi ʻia ke kuleana o nā luna kūloko e kahi Mana Laikini Pōpeku i hoʻokumu hou ʻia (mai ka mea i kapa hou ʻia ʻo Sports Grounds Safety Authority).ʻO kahi lāʻau o nā hana hou e pili ana i nā pono olakino, ke kamaʻilio lekiō, ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama palekana ua lilo i mea maʻamau.ʻAʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi ʻo ke koi ʻana o ka palekana i kēia manawa ke kuleana o nā mea hoʻokele kahua pāʻani, ʻaʻole nā mākaʻi.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā semi-finals FA Cup āpau ma Wembley.
Ma mua o 1989 ua loaʻa nā pōʻino ma Ibrox Park, Glasgow i 1902 (26 make), Bolton i 1946 (33 make), Ibrox hou i 1971 (66 make) a me Bradford i 1985 (56 make).Aia ma waena o nā ʻumi o nā mea make kaʻawale a me nā pohō kokoke.
Mai ka wā ʻo Hillsborough ʻaʻohe ulia pōpilikia nui ma ke kahua pôpeku Pelekane.Akā e like me kā Taylor i ʻōlelo mai ai, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui loa o ka palekana ʻo ka ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO Simon Inglis ka mea kākau o nā puke e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala haʻuki a me nā kahua pāʻani.Ua hōʻike ʻo ia ma hope o Hillsborough no The Guardian and Observer, a ma 1990 ua koho ʻia i lālā o ka Football Licensing Authority.Ua hoʻoponopono ʻo ia i ʻelua paʻi o The Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds, a mai ka makahiki 2004 ʻo ia ka mea hoʻoponopono o ka Played in Britain series for English Heritage (www.playedinbritain.co.uk).
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-30-2020