NgoMgqibelo umhla we-15 kuTshazimpuzi ka-1989, abalandeli beLiverpool abangama-96 ababezimase umdlalo owandulela owamagqibela kankqoyi weNdebe ye-FA phakathi kweLiverpool neNottingham Forest babulawa xa kwabakho ungquzulwano kwiBala Lemidlalo laseHillsborough eSheffield.Eyona nto ibuhlungu kwiintsapho zamaxhoba, inkqubo yomthetho yokumisela izibakala kunye nokuchaza ubutyala ngentlekele yaseHillsborough iye yanyamezela iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30.
Ngokusweleka kwe-96 kunye nokulimala kwe-766, i-Hillsborough iseyeyona ntlekele yezemidlalo imbi kwimbali yaseBritane.
Kamva kulo nyaka, umdlalo omtsha we-ITV u-Anne uza kuphonononga iinzame zomkhankaseli wezobulungisa u-Anne Williams wokufumana inyani malunga nento eyenzekileyo, emva kokuba engazange akholelwe ingxelo esemthethweni yokusweleka konyana wakhe oneminyaka eli-15 uKevin e-Hillsborough.
Apha, umbhali-mbali wezemidlalo uSimon Inglis uchaza indlela eyenzeka ngayo intlekele yaseHillsborough kwaye kutheni idabi elisemthethweni lokungqina ukuba abalandeli beLiverpool babulawa ngokungekho mthethweni kuthathe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-27…
Ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-20, iNdebe ye-FA – eyasekwa ngo-1871 kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo olona khuphiswano lwebhola ekhatywayo oludumileyo kwihlabathi – yatsala abantu abaninzi.Iirekhodi zokuzimasa zazixhaphakile.IBala Lemidlalo laseWembley ngelingadalwanga, njengoko lalinjalo ngo-1922–23, ukuba kwakungengenxa yesibheno esingaqhelekanga seNdebe.
Ngokwemveli, indebe eyandulela eyamagqibela kankqoyi ibidlalwa kumhlaba ongathathi hlangothi, enye yezona zidumileyo yiHillsborough, ikhaya laseSheffield ngoLwesithathu.Ngaphandle komnxeba osondeleyo xa abalandeli be-38 benzakala ngexesha lomdlalo wokugqibela ngo-1981, i-Hillsborough, enegunya layo le-54,000, yathathwa njengenye yezizathu ezilungileyo zaseBritane.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1988 yabamba enye isemi, Liverpool v Nottingham Forest, ngaphandle kwesiganeko.Ke ngoko kwabonakala kulukhetho olucacileyo xa, ngokungalindelekanga, la maqela mabini adityaniswa ukuba adibane kumdlalo omnye kunyaka olandelayo, nge-15 ka-Epreli ka-1989.
Ngaphandle kokuba ne-fanbase enkulu, iLiverpool, ekucaphukeni kwabo, njengokuba ngo-1988, yabelwa i-Leppings Lane End encinci yase-Hillsborough, equka inqanaba elihleliyo elifikelelekayo kwibhloko enye ye-turnstiles, kunye ne-terrace yababukeli abamileyo abayi-10,100, ekufikelelwa kuyo ngabasixhenxe kuphela. iinguqu.
Nokuba ngokwemigangatho yosuku oku bekunganelanga kwaye kubangele ngaphezu kwe-5,000 yabalandeli beLiverpool becinezele ngaphandle njengoko intsimbi yesi-3:00 isondela.Ukuba ukuqala komdlalo kuye kwalibaziseka, ukutyumza kunokuba kulawuleke.Endaweni yoko, uMlawuli womdlalo wamaPolisa aseMzantsi Yorkshire, uDavid Duckenfield, uyalele ukuba kuvulwe elinye lamasango aphumayo, nto leyo evumela abalandeli abangama-2,000 ukuba bagxagxame.
Abo bajika ekunene okanye ekhohlo ukuya kwiikona zokubhala bafumana indawo.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwahamba lungazi, ngaphandle kwezilumkiso ezivela kumagosa okanye amapolisa, ukuya kwipeni esembindini esele igcwele, ekufikelelwa kuyo ngetonela eli-23m ubude.
Njengoko itonela lalizalisa, abo bangaphambili kwithafa bazifumana becinezelwe kwiingcingo zomda wentsimbi, ezamiswa ngo-1977 njengenyathelo lokuchasa i-hooligan.Ngokungakholelekiyo, kunye nabalandeli ababandezelekayo bebonwa ngamapolisa (ayenegumbi lokulawula elijongene nethafa), umdlalo waqala kwaye waqhubeka malunga nemizuzu emithandathu kwada kwamiswa.
Njengoko kubhalwe kwisikhumbuzo kwindawo yase-Anfield yaseLiverpool, ixhoba elincinci lase-Hillsborough lalineminyaka eli-10 ubudala uJon-Paul Gilhooley, umzala wexesha elizayo inkwenkwezi yaseLiverpool kunye neNgilani, uSteven Gerrard.Oyena mdala yayinguGerard Baron oneminyaka engama-67 ubudala, owayengumsebenzi waseposini odla umhlala-phantsi.Umntakwabo omdala uKevin wayedlale iLiverpool kwi-Final Cup ye-1950.
Abasixhenxe kwababhubhileyo yayingabasetyhini, kuquka oodade abakwishumi elivisayo, uSarah noVicki Hicks, noyise wayekwithasi kunye nonina wazibonela le ntlekele isenzeka kwindawo ekufuphi neSitendi saseMantla.
KwiNgxelo yakhe yokuGqibela, ngoJanyuwari ka-1990, uLord Justice Taylor wabeka phambili inani leengcebiso, ezona zaziwa kakhulu yayikukuba zonke iindawo eziphezulu ziguqulwe zibe yindawo yokuhlala kuphela.Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwabeke kubaphathi bebhola kunye neeklabhu uxanduva olukhulu kakhulu lolawulo lwezihlwele, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye ebongoza amapolisa ukuba aqeqeshwe ngcono kwaye alungelelanise ulawulo loluntu kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuhle.Njengoko uninzi lwabalandeli bebhola ekhatywayo abasandul’ ukuvela ngelo xesha babephikisana, abamsulwa, abalandeli abathobela umthetho babekruqukile kukuphathwa njengeenjubaqa.
Unjingalwazi uPhil Scraton, ogama lakhe elibi, i-Hillsborough - INyaniso yapapashwa kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kosuku olunzima, wavakalisa abaninzi xa wayebuza loo magosa aphethe ucingo."Izikhalo kunye nezibongozo ezinqwenelayo ... zavakala kumzila ojikelezayo."Abanye abahlalutyi baphawule indlela amagosa asekuhlaleni aye akhohlakele ngayo ngenxa yoGqibo lwaBasebenzi basezimayini, kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambili.
Kodwa eyona ndawo ibukhali yawela kuMphathi womdlalo wamapolisa, uDavid Duckenfield.Wayewabelwe lo msebenzi kwiintsuku nje ezili-19 ngaphambili, kwaye lo yayingumdlalo wakhe wokuqala ophambili ekulawuleni.
Ngokusekwe kumagqabantshintshi okuqala ngamapolisa, ILanga labeka ityala ngentlekele yaseHillsborough ngokuthe ngqo kubalandeli beLiverpool, bebatyhola ngokunxila, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ngokuthintela ngabom impendulo kaxakeka.Kutyholwa ngelithi abalandeli baye bachamela ipolisa, kwaye kwabiwa imali kumaxhoba.Ngobusuku Ilanga lizuze iwonga lepariah eMerseyside.
Inkulumbuso uMargaret Thatcher wayengathandi ibhola ekhatywayo.Ngokuchaseneyo noko, ekuphenduleni ukwanda koburhelembho kwimidlalo ngeminyaka yoo-1980 urhulumente wakhe wayekwinkqubo yokuwisa umthetho ophikisanayo wababukeli beBhola ekhatywayo, owawufuna ukuba bonke abalandeli bajoyine isikim sekhadi lesazisi esisisinyanzelo.UNksk. Thatcher utyelele e-Hillsborough kusuku olusemva kwentlekele nonobhala wakhe weendaba uBernard Ingham kunye noNobhala weKhaya uDouglas Hurd, kodwa wathetha kuphela namapolisa kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni.Uye waqhubeka nokuxhasa inguqulelo yamapolisa yeziganeko nasemva kokuba iNgxelo yeTaylor ibhentsisile ubuxoki babo.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iziphene ezikuMthetho wababukeli beBhola eKhatywayo ngoku ziye zabonakala, imiqathango yawo yatshintshwa ukuze igxininise kukhuseleko lwebala endaweni yokuziphatha kwababukeli.Kodwa uNksk. Thatcher ukuhlambalaza ibhola ekhatywayo akuzange kulityalwe kwaye, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlaselwa koluntu, iiklabhu ezininzi zenqaba ukuvumela umzuzu wokuthula ukuba uphawule ukufa kwakhe ngo-2013. USir Bernard Ingham, okwangoku, waqhubeka egxeka abalandeli beLiverpool de kube nje ngo-2016.
Eyona nto ibangela intlungu kwiintsapho zamaxhoba kukuba, inkqubo yomthetho yokumisela izibakala nokuba ubani unetyala iye yanyamezela ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30.
Ngo-1991 ijaji kwinkundla yamatyala yafumanisa ngesigwebo sesininzi se-9-2 esixhasa ukufa ngengozi.Zonke iinzame zokuphinda sijonge eso sigwebo ziye zaphazamiseka.Ngo-1998 iQela leNkxaso yoSapho lase-Hillsborough laqalisa ukutshutshisa kwabucala e-Duckenfield kunye nesekela lakhe, kodwa oku akuzange kuphumelele.Ekugqibeleni, kunyaka weminyaka engama-20 urhulumente wabhengeza ukuba i-Hillsborough Independent Panel iza kusekwa.Oku kuthathe iminyaka emithathu ukugqiba ukuba uDuckenfield kunye namagosa akhe babexokile ngokwenene ukuze bajike ityala kubalandeli.
Uphando olutsha emva koko lwayalelwa, kwathatha eminye iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba ijaji yasitshitshisa isigwebo se-coroners yokuqala kwaye yagwetywa ngo-2016 ukuba amaxhoba abulawa ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ekugqibeleni uDuckenfield wajongana netyala kwiNkundla yasePreston Crown ngoJanuwari ka-2019, kuphela ngenxa yokuba ijaji yasilela ukufikelela kwisigwebo.Ekuvavanyweni kwakhe kwakhona kamva kwangaloo nyaka, nangona wavuma ukuxoka, kwaye ngokulambisa nayiphi na ireferensi kwiziphumo zeNgxelo yeTaylor, kwi-incredulity yeentsapho zase-Hillsborough i-Duckenfield yakhululwa ngezityholo zokungakhathali okugqithisileyo.
Ukwala ukukholelwa irekhodi elisemthethweni lokufa konyana wakhe oneminyaka eyi-15 uKevin e-Hillsborough, u-Anne Willams, umsebenzi wevenkile wexeshana osuka eFormby, walwa nephulo lakhe elingapheliyo.Izihlandlo ezihlanu izibongozo zakhe zokuphononongwa kwenkundla zakhatywa de kwangonyaka ka-2012 iPhaneli eZimeleyo yaseHillsborough yavavanya ubungqina awayebuqokelele – nangona wayengenalo uqeqesho lwezomthetho – kwaye yasitshitshisa isigwebo sokuqala sokufa ngengozi.
Ngobungqina obuvela kwipolisa eliye laya kwindodana yakhe eyalimala kakubi, uWilliams wakwazi ukubonisa ukuba uKevin wahlala ephila kwaze kwaba yi-4pm ngosuku - ixesha elide emva kokuba i-3.15pm inqunyulwe iphuzu elibekwe yi-coroner yokuqala - kwaye ngoko ke amapolisa kunye ne-ambulensi. inkonzo yayisilela kumsebenzi wabo wokukhathalela.“Nantsi into endiyilwelayo,” uxelele uDavid Conn weThe Guardian, enye yeentatheli ezimbalwa ukuba zibhale yonke le saga yezomthetho.Ndandingasoze ndincame.Okubuhlungu kukuba, wabulawa ngumhlaza kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa kamva.
Kwicala lomthetho, kubonakala ngathi akunjalo.Ingqwalasela yabakhankasi ngoku iye yajika yaya ekukhuthazeni 'uMthetho waseHillsborough'.Ukuba uthe waphunyezwa, uMthetho osayilwayo wePublic Authority (Accountability) uya kubeka uxanduva kubasebenzi bakarhulumente ukuba basebenze ngamaxesha onke ngokusemdleni woluntu, ngokungafihlisiyo, ngokuphandle nangokungafihlisiyo, kunye neentsapho ezifelweyo zifumane inkxaso-mali yokumelwa ngokusemthethweni endaweni yokuba ziphakamise umthetho. imali ngokwabo.Kodwa ufundo lwesibini lomthetho oyilwayo ulibazisekile - umthetho oyilwayo awukhange uqhubele phambili ngepalamente ukusukela ngo-2017.
Abakhankasi base-Hillsborough balumkisa ukuba imiba efanayo ethintele iinzame zabo ngoku iyaphindwa kwimeko yeGrenfell Tower.
Mamela umyili wezakhiwo uPeter Deakins exoxa ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekudalweni kwebhloko yenqaba yaseGrenfell kwaye athathele ingqalelo indawo yayo kwimbali yezindlu zokuhlala eBritane:
Kakhulu.INgxelo yeTaylor indulule ukuba imihlaba engundoqo mayihlale yonke emva ko-1994, kwaye indima yabasemagunyeni basekhaya kufuneka yonganyelwe liGunyabantu leLayisensi yeBhola elisandula ukusekwa (ekubeni yathiywa ngokutsha iGunyabantu loKhuseleko kwiMimandla yeMidlalo).Uluhlu lwamanyathelo amatsha anxulumene neemfuno zonyango, unxibelelwano lukanomathotholo, ubugosa kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko sele luyinto eqhelekileyo.Kancinci, imfuneko yokuba ukhuseleko ngoku luxanduva lwabaqhubi bebala, hayi amapolisa.Yonke imidlalo ye-semi-final yeNdebe ye-FA ngoku idlalwa eWembley.
Ngaphambi kwe-1989 kwakukho iintlekele e-Ibrox Park, eGlasgow ngo-1902 (i-26 ifile), i-Bolton ngo-1946 (i-33 ifile), i-Ibrox kwakhona ngo-1971 (i-66 ifile) kunye ne-Bradford ngo-1985 (i-56 ifile).Phakathi kwakukho inkitha yezinye iingozi ezikwanti kunye neempazamo ezikufutshane.
Ukusukela e-Hillsborough akukhange kubekho zingozi zinkulu kwibala lebhola laseBritane.Kodwa njengoko uTaylor wayelumkisile, olona tshaba lukhulu lokhuseleko kukungakhathali.
USimon Inglis ngumbhali weencwadi ezininzi ngembali yezemidlalo kunye namabala emidlalo.Unike ingxelo emva kwe-Hillsborough ye-The Guardian kunye ne-Observer, kwaye ngo-1990 wonyulwa njengelungu leGunya leLayisensi yeBhola.Uhlele iintlelo ezimbini zeSikhokelo soKhuseleko kumabala eMidlalo, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2004 ebengumhleli woluhlu oludlalwa eBritane lweLifa leMveli lesiNgesi (www.playedinbritain.co.uk).
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-30-2020